What future research directions are promising in the field of machine learning-based DDoS attack detection?

Promising directions include: Federated Learning (training models across multiple networks without sharing data), Reinforcement Learning (developing adaptive mitigation strategies), Explainable AI (understanding why models make certain decisions), Deep Learning with attention mechanisms (focusing on relevant traffic features), and the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for generating realistic attack traffic for training and testing.