What causes 'PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied' in PyCharm when trying to run a Python script?

The 'PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied' error in PyCharm often arises from insufficient file access rights. Common causes include: the script trying to modify a file it doesn't have write access to; running PyCharm or the script with insufficient privileges (e.g., not as administrator when needing it); the file being locked by another process; or issues with the file system permissions on the target directory or file itself.