How can I use tools like `ping` and `traceroute` to diagnose network issues related to a 502 Bad Gateway?

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Grade: Education Subject: Support
How can I use tools like `ping` and `traceroute` to diagnose network issues related to a 502 Bad Gateway?
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`ping` can check basic connectivity to the upstream server. `traceroute` (or `tracert` on Windows) can map the route packets take to reach the server, identifying potential bottlenecks or points of failure along the way. These tools help isolate network-related causes of the error.