What are the best practices for preventing persistent 10013 errors in long-running services?

Best practices include: 1. **Port management:** Use dynamic port allocation, or assign unique, well-documented ports. Implement port availability checks on service startup. 2. **Least privilege:** Run services with minimum necessary permissions. For restricted ports (<1024), consider using a reverse proxy. 3. **Firewall configuration:** Configure firewalls with explicit, granular rules for necessary inbound/outbound connections. 4. **Error handling and logging:** Implement robust error logging for 10013 errors with details (timestamp, PID, port) for quick diagnosis. 5. **Graceful shutdown:** Ensure applications release ports properly upon shutdown to prevent lingering `TIME_WAIT` states (though `SO_REUSEADDR` can help mitigate this).