Can a port conflict cause 'Error 1067' in MongoDB on Windows, and how can I check?

Yes, a port conflict (typically port 27017) can cause the error. Use the `netstat -ano | findstr 27017` command in the command prompt to check if any other process is using the same port. If another process is using it, either stop that process or configure MongoDB to use a different port (using the `net.port` setting in the `mongod.cfg` file).